The Effect of Using the PQ4R Strategy in Teaching History on Improving Eighth Grade Students' Self-Efficacy

The current study aimed to identify the effect of using the PQ4R strategy on improving self-efficacy among eighth-grade students in the Ein Al Bash Directorate of Education in Jordan. The sample of the study consisted of 50 students who were randomly divided into two equal groups: the experimental group (n = 25), which received the PQ4R strategy, and the control group (n = 25), which did not receive the strategy. To achieve the study's objectives, a self-efficacy scale was used, along with the enhancement of the first unit of the eighth grade history book (The Abbasid State: Its Manifestations and the Mongol Invasion) through the PQ4R strategy. The findings showed that there were statistically significant differences in the average scores on the self-efficacy scale of the post-test between the experimental and control groups, in favor of the experimental group, indicating the effectiveness of the strategy. Furthermore, the results of follow-up tests showed no statistically significant differences in the self-efficacy scale between the post-test and follow-up tests of the experimental group, reflecting the stability of the results.